Cutting into halves was not an excruciation only in late Tang Dynasty or previous Dynasties, which had existed in the early Tang Dynasty.
腰斩唐前期既已存在,并不仅仅是唐代后期或者前代酷刑等等。
Therefore the concision and concentration presented in his works is necessarily an intuitionistic spiritual excruciation , thus forms a natural distance with the world today full of spree.